lcm (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) = ?
Method 1. The prime factorization:
The prime factorization of a number: finding the prime numbers that multiply together to make that number.
544,444,444,435 = 5 × 108,888,888,887
544,444,444,435 is not a prime number but a composite one.
444,444,444,054 = 2 × 32 × 13 × 83 × 971 × 23,567
444,444,444,054 is not a prime number but a composite one.
- Prime number: a natural number that is only divisible by 1 and itself. A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself.
- Composite number: a natural number that has at least one other factor than 1 and itself.
Calculate the least common multiple, lcm:
Multiply all the prime factors of the two numbers. If there are common prime factors then only the ones with the largest exponents are taken (the largest powers).
The least common multiple:
lcm (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) = 2 × 32 × 5 × 13 × 83 × 971 × 23,567 × 108,888,888,887 = 241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490
The two numbers have no prime factors in common
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 = 544,444,444,435 × 444,444,444,054
Method 2. The Euclidean Algorithm:
1. Calculate the greatest (highest) common factor (divisor):
- This algorithm involves the process of dividing numbers and calculating the remainders.
- 'a' and 'b' are the two natural numbers, 'a' >= 'b'.
- Divide 'a' by 'b' and get the remainder of the operation, 'r'.
- If 'r' = 0, STOP. 'b' = the gcf (hcf, gcd) of 'a' and 'b'.
- Else: Replace ('a' by 'b') and ('b' by 'r'). Return to the step above.
Step 1. Divide the larger number by the smaller one:
544,444,444,435 ÷ 444,444,444,054 = 1 + 100,000,000,381
Step 2. Divide the smaller number by the above operation's remainder:
444,444,444,054 ÷ 100,000,000,381 = 4 + 44,444,442,530
Step 3. Divide the remainder of the step 1 by the remainder of the step 2:
100,000,000,381 ÷ 44,444,442,530 = 2 + 11,111,115,321
Step 4. Divide the remainder of the step 2 by the remainder of the step 3:
44,444,442,530 ÷ 11,111,115,321 = 3 + 11,111,096,567
Step 5. Divide the remainder of the step 3 by the remainder of the step 4:
11,111,115,321 ÷ 11,111,096,567 = 1 + 18,754
Step 6. Divide the remainder of the step 4 by the remainder of the step 5:
11,111,096,567 ÷ 18,754 = 592,465 + 7,957
Step 7. Divide the remainder of the step 5 by the remainder of the step 6:
18,754 ÷ 7,957 = 2 + 2,840
Step 8. Divide the remainder of the step 6 by the remainder of the step 7:
7,957 ÷ 2,840 = 2 + 2,277
Step 9. Divide the remainder of the step 7 by the remainder of the step 8:
2,840 ÷ 2,277 = 1 + 563
Step 10. Divide the remainder of the step 8 by the remainder of the step 9:
2,277 ÷ 563 = 4 + 25
Step 11. Divide the remainder of the step 9 by the remainder of the step 10:
563 ÷ 25 = 22 + 13
Step 12. Divide the remainder of the step 10 by the remainder of the step 11:
25 ÷ 13 = 1 + 12
Step 13. Divide the remainder of the step 11 by the remainder of the step 12:
13 ÷ 12 = 1 + 1
Step 14. Divide the remainder of the step 12 by the remainder of the step 13:
12 ÷ 1 = 12 + 0
At this step, the remainder is zero, so we stop:
1 is the number we were looking for - the last non-zero remainder.
This is the greatest (highest) common factor (divisor).
The greatest (highest) common factor (divisor):
gcf, hcf, gcd (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) = 1
2. Calculate the least common multiple:
The least common multiple, Formula:
lcm (a; b) = (a × b) / gcf, hcf, gcd (a; b)
lcm (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) =
(544,444,444,435 × 444,444,444,054) / gcf, hcf, gcd (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) =
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 / 1 =
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490
The least common multiple:
lcm (544,444,444,435; 444,444,444,054) = 241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 13 × 83 × 971 × 23,567 × 108,888,888,887
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More multiples starting from the least common multiple
- Any common multiple of two numbers is also a multiple of the least common multiple, LCM, of twose two numbers.
The following numbers are also multiples of 544,444,444,435 and 444,444,444,054:
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 × 0 = 0
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 × 2 = 483,950,616,850,404,938,278,980
241,975,308,425,202,469,139,490 × 3 = 725,925,925,275,607,407,418,470
...
- There are infinitely many multiples of any two numbers.
How to check if a number is a common multiple of two numbers?
- After calculating the LCM, divide the number to be checked by the LCM. If the remainder of this division is zero, then the number being checked is a multiple of the other two numbers. If the remainder is not zero, then the number being checked is not a multiple.
- For example: the LCM of the numbers 4 and 6 is 2 × 2 × 3 = 12.
- Question: is 36 a multiple of the numbers 4 and 6? Answer: 36 ÷ 12 = 3 and the remainder is 0, so 36 is a multiple of 4 and 6.
- Question: is 28 a multiple of the numbers 4 and 6? Answer: 28 ÷ 12 = 2 and the remainder is 4, so 28 is not a multiple of 4 and 6.
Why is it useful to calculate the least common multiple?
- In order to add, subtract or sort fractions with different denominators, we must make their denominators the same. An easy way is to calculate the least common multiple of all the denominators (the least common denominator).
- By definition, the least common multiple of two numbers is the smallest natural number that is: (1) greater than 0 and (2) a multiple of both numbers.